AN EXAMINATION OF FAKE NEWS AND MISINFORMATION DISSEMINATION’S EFFECTS IN NIGERIA

AN EXAMINATION OF FAKE NEWS AND MISINFORMATION DISSEMINATION’S EFFECTS IN NIGERIA

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Fake news is best defined as "misinformation" (the unintended sharing of inaccurate information) and "disinformation" (the purposeful manufacture and dissemination of false information) (Gelfert, 2018). Poor journalism, parody, provocation, emotion, partisanship, profit, political influence, and propaganda all contribute to the creation of this sort of material. They are published on news websites and listed by digital intermediaries (companies that include news aggregators, social networks, search engines, and digital app stores), leading false news to propagate throughout the world. Gelfert, (2018) noticed that the troubling problem is that the channels through which the majority of people get their news are now not subject to any legislative regulations, editorial guidelines, or oversight by groups such as the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO). However, there is a plethora of data proving the scope, spread, and impacts of false news.

While disinformation has disseminated in the media since the dawn of mass communication, experts and commentators have claimed that the last few years have seen the "birth of the misinformation society" (Agba, (2016) and the era of "alternative facts" and "post truth" (Ciboh, 2015). As Dwyer  (2019) argues, the phrase "post-truth" refers to a society in which truth is no longer an expectation, rather than just an increase in the frequency of lying in the public realm. The rise in the use of disinformation (defined as the intentional and purposeful spread of misleading information, as opposed to misinformation, which refers to 'unintentional behaviors that inadvertently mislead'; Dwyer (2010) spans the globe, from Europe and the United States to Brazil, Nepal, and Russia (to name a few examples) and across contexts.

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